Samkvidro is committed to maintaining the accuracy, integrity, and reliability of the scholarly record. The journal recognizes that errors or ethical concerns may occasionally be identified after an article has been published. When this occurs, the editorial team will take appropriate action to ensure that the published record remains as accurate, transparent, and reliable as possible.

Corrections

A correction may be issued when an error in a published article affects its accuracy, clarity, or completeness, but does not invalidate its main findings, conclusions, or scholarly contribution.

Corrections may concern, for example:

• factual or typographical errors;
• errors in figures, tables, or captions;
• incorrect author information or affiliations;
• errors in references or bibliographic information; and
• other substantive errors that can be corrected without retracting the article.

When a correction is necessary, Samkvidro will publish a Correction Notice clearly explaining the nature of the error and identifying the changes made to the published article.

Where technically possible, the original article will be corrected while maintaining a transparent record of the change. The Correction Notice will remain permanently linked to the article.

Retractions

An article may be retracted when there is clear evidence that its findings, conclusions, or other substantive content are unreliable, or that the publication process involved serious violations of research or publication ethics.

Reasons for retraction may include, but are not limited to:

• substantial errors that invalidate the main findings or conclusions;
• fabrication or falsification of research data, sources, or findings;
• plagiarism or significant unattributed use of another person’s work;
• duplicate or redundant publication;
• serious violations of research or publication ethics;
• substantial manipulation of the peer-review or publication process;
• undisclosed issues that materially affect the integrity or reliability of the article; and
• other forms of academic misconduct that compromise the integrity of the published work.

A decision to retract an article is made by the Editor-in-Chief, in consultation with the Editorial Board and, where appropriate, independent specialists with relevant expertise.

A Retraction Notice will clearly identify the retracted article and state the reason or reasons for the retraction. The notice will remain permanently available and linked to the original publication.

Retracted articles will not normally be removed from the journal’s archive. Instead, the article will be clearly marked as RETRACTED, while the original scholarly record is retained for transparency, accountability, and scholarly reference.

Editorial Procedure

When a potential error, ethical concern, or other problem is brought to the attention of Samkvidro, the editorial team will assess the matter carefully.

The journal may request additional information or documentation from the authors and, where appropriate, reviewers, editors, institutions, or independent specialists.

Where an investigation is required, the journal will seek to provide the parties concerned with an appropriate opportunity to respond to relevant allegations or concerns before a final editorial action is taken, where circumstances permit.

Authors are encouraged to notify Samkvidro promptly if they discover a significant error or other issue affecting the reliability or integrity of their published work.

Editorial actions will be determined according to the principles of academic integrity, fairness, confidentiality, transparency, proportionality, and protection of the scholarly record.

Samkvidro reserves the right to issue corrections, retractions, or other appropriate editorial notices whenever necessary to protect the integrity and reliability of its publications.