Samkvidro uses the Chicago Notes and Bibliography style for citations and references.

The Chicago Notes and Bibliography system is particularly appropriate for research in history, cultural studies, religious and ecclesiastical studies, manuscript and book studies, philology, textual studies, and related fields in which detailed source documentation and footnotes are essential.

Authors should follow the principles below consistently throughout their manuscripts.

1. Notes and Footnotes

Citations should normally be provided through footnotes.

Footnotes should be numbered consecutively throughout the article.

The footnote number should normally be placed after punctuation.

Footnotes may contain both bibliographic citations and explanatory notes where appropriate.

Example:

1. John Smith, Medieval Georgia and the Caucasus (London: Academic Press, 2020), 45–47.

2. First and Subsequent Citations

The first citation of a source should normally provide complete bibliographic information.

Subsequent citations of the same source should use a shortened citation.

Example:

First citation:

1. John Smith, Medieval Georgia and the Caucasus (London: Academic Press, 2020), 45.

Subsequent citation:

2. Smith, Medieval Georgia and the Caucasus, 78.

The use of “ibid.” is not required. Authors are encouraged to use clear shortened citations instead.

3. Books

One Author

Footnote:

John Smith, Medieval Georgia and the Caucasus (London: Academic Press, 2020), 45.

Reference:

Smith, John. Medieval Georgia and the Caucasus. London: Academic Press, 2020.

Two or More Authors

Footnote:

John Smith and Jane Brown, Texts and Traditions of the Medieval World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021), 62.

Reference:

Smith, John, and Jane Brown. Texts and Traditions of the Medieval World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021.

For works with multiple authors, authors should follow the relevant Chicago Notes and Bibliography conventions.

4. Journal Articles

Footnote:

Jane Brown, “Manuscript Culture and Historical Memory,” Journal of Medieval Studies 15, no. 2 (2022): 125–27.

Reference:

Brown, Jane. “Manuscript Culture and Historical Memory.” Journal of Medieval Studies 15, no. 2 (2022): 115–38.

Authors should provide the complete page range of the article in the reference list.

5. Chapters in Edited Volumes

Footnote:

Jane Brown, “Textual Transmission in the Medieval Caucasus,” in Studies in Georgian Literary History, ed. John Smith (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021), 88–90.

Reference:

Brown, Jane. “Textual Transmission in the Medieval Caucasus.” In Studies in Georgian Literary History, edited by John Smith, 75–102. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.

6. Translated Works

Where a translated work is cited, the translator should be identified.

Footnote:

John Smith, The Medieval World, trans. Jane Brown (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019), 54.

Reference:

Smith, John. The Medieval World. Translated by Jane Brown. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.

7. Online Sources

For online publications, authors should provide the author or organization, title, publication or website information, date where available, and URL.

Footnote:

John Smith, “Medieval Manuscripts in the Caucasus,” Digital Humanities Review, March 15, 2024, https://example.org/article.

Reference:

Smith, John. “Medieval Manuscripts in the Caucasus.” Digital Humanities Review. March 15, 2024. https://example.org/article.

Where a DOI is available, it should be preferred over a general URL.

8. DOI

DOIs should be presented as active URLs:

https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx

Example:

Brown, Jane. “Manuscript Culture and Historical Memory.” Journal of Medieval Studies 15, no. 2 (2022): 115–38. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx.

Authors should verify that DOI links are accurate and functional.

9. Manuscripts and Archival Sources

References to manuscripts, archival documents, and other unpublished sources should provide sufficient information to allow the source to be identified and located.

Where applicable, authors should include:

• Repository or institution
• Collection or fund
• Manuscript or document number / shelfmark
• Folio, page, or other relevant location
• Additional identifying information where necessary

Example:

Tbilisi, Manuscript Repository, Collection A, MS 1234, fol. 25r.

The citation format may be adapted to the conventions of the relevant repository or scholarly discipline, provided that the source can be clearly and reliably identified.

10. Sources in Georgian and Other Non-Latin Scripts

Works published in Georgian or other non-Latin scripts may be cited in their original script.

Where useful for international readers and indexing purposes, authors may additionally provide a consistent transliteration and/or English translation of the title.

Authors should apply one transliteration system consistently throughout the article.

Original-language titles should not be arbitrarily transliterated according to different systems within the same manuscript.

For historical and manuscript sources, original titles and names may be retained where this is important for scholarly accuracy.

11. Multiple Works by the Same Author

Where several works by the same author are included in the reference list, they should be arranged according to the relevant Chicago conventions and presented consistently.

Authors should ensure that shortened footnote citations clearly distinguish between different works by the same author.

12. Repeated Citations

When a source is cited repeatedly, authors should use a clear shortened form after the first full citation.

Example:

First citation:

1. John Smith, Medieval Georgia and the Caucasus (London: Academic Press, 2020), 45.

Later citation:

7. Smith, Medieval Georgia and the Caucasus, 112.

13. Reference List

A References section should normally appear at the end of the article.

References should generally be arranged alphabetically by the authors’ surnames.

All works cited in the article should be represented accurately in the reference list, and all entries in the reference list should correspond to sources cited in the article, where applicable.

Bibliographic information should be complete and consistent.

14. Accuracy of References

Authors are responsible for verifying all bibliographic information, including:

• Author names
• Titles and subtitles
• Publication dates
• Publishers and places of publication
• Journal titles
• Volume and issue numbers
• Page ranges
• Edition information
• Translators and editors
• Manuscript shelfmarks and archival references
• URLs
• DOIs

Incorrect or incomplete bibliographic information may affect the reliability and discoverability of the published research.

15. Self-Citation

Authors may cite their own previous publications where such citations are academically relevant and necessary.

Self-citation should not be excessive and must not be used to manipulate citation counts or artificially increase the apparent scholarly impact of an author or publication.

During double-blind peer review, self-references should be presented in a neutral manner where necessary to protect author anonymity.

16. Citation Consistency

Authors should use the Chicago Notes and Bibliography system consistently throughout the manuscript.

Inconsistencies between footnotes and the reference list should be avoided.

The journal may request corrections to citations or references during editorial or copyediting stages.

17. Chicago Style

Samkvidro follows the Chicago Manual of Style, Notes and Bibliography system, with journal-specific requirements where applicable.

Authors should consult the current edition of the Chicago Manual of Style for detailed cases not specifically addressed in these guidelines.

The journal reserves the right to make reasonable editorial adjustments to citation and reference formatting to ensure consistency across published articles.